Nose
Nasal Polyps
Nasal polyps are soft, usually painless, non-cancerous growths that develop in the lining of the nose or sinuses. They are associated with persistent inflammation and can occur as part of chronic rhinosinusitis.
Small polyps may cause few symptoms. Larger polyps can obstruct airflow, interfere with sinus drainage and reduce the sense of smell.
Why Do Nasal Polyps Develop?
The exact reason some people develop polyps is not fully understood. Long-standing inflammation plays an important role, but polyps are not simply a sign of an ongoing bacterial infection.
They are more common in people with asthma or sensitivity to aspirin and certain other anti-inflammatory medicines. Allergies may coexist, but not everyone with nasal polyps has an allergy.
Polyps are different from enlarged turbinates and adenoids. These conditions can produce similar symptoms but require different assessment and treatment.
What Symptoms Can Occur?
Common symptoms include:
- Persistent nasal blockage.
- A runny nose or post-nasal drainage.
- Reduced or lost sense of smell.
- Reduced enjoyment of food because of altered smell.
- Snoring or disturbed sleep.
- Facial pressure associated with sinus inflammation.
Symptoms may resemble a cold but continue rather than clearing. The degree of blockage does not always reflect how much the sense of smell is affected.
How Are They Assessed?
Assessment includes discussing symptoms, previous treatment, asthma and any reactions to aspirin or similar medicines.
Examination and nasal endoscopy help identify polyps and assess their extent. A CT scan may be recommended to evaluate associated sinus disease or plan surgery.
A growth or persistent blockage affecting only one side needs careful evaluation rather than being assumed to be a routine inflammatory polyp.
What Treatments May Help?
Treatment usually begins with corticosteroid nasal sprays or drops to reduce inflammation and shrink the polyps. Correct technique and use for the prescribed duration are important.
Saline rinses may help clear mucus. A clinician may prescribe a short course of oral corticosteroids for selected patients, balancing the expected benefit against potential side effects.
Associated asthma or allergies may also need treatment. Antibiotics do not directly shrink polyps and are used only when a separate infection warrants them.
When Is Surgery Considered?
Endoscopic surgery may be considered when symptoms remain troublesome despite appropriate medical treatment. The surgeon removes obstructing polyps and, where needed, opens affected sinus drainage pathways through the nostrils.
Surgery can improve access for ongoing topical treatment. It does not eliminate the underlying tendency to inflammation, and improvement in smell cannot be guaranteed.
Can Polyps Return?
Yes. Polyps can recur after medication or surgery. Continued nasal treatment and follow-up help control inflammation and may reduce or delay regrowth.
The long-term plan should be reviewed if symptoms return rather than repeatedly relying on short courses of treatment.
When Should You Seek Medical Advice?
Arrange an assessment for persistent blockage, reduced smell or symptoms that continue despite treatment. One-sided symptoms, recurrent bleeding or blood-stained discharge should be checked promptly.
Discuss Your Symptoms
Contact the clinic to arrange an assessment and discuss treatment options for suspected or recurring nasal polyps.
This information provides general guidance and does not replace an individual medical assessment.
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