Ear
Outer Ear Infection
An outer ear infection affects the skin lining the ear canal, between the ear opening and the eardrum. Known as otitis externa, it can cause itching, pain, swelling and discharge. It is sometimes called “swimmer’s ear,” although swimming is only one possible trigger.
Unlike a middle ear infection, this condition develops in the canal outside the eardrum.
What Causes It?
Moisture and irritation can damage the ear canal’s protective skin, making inflammation and infection more likely. Common triggers include:
- Water remaining in the ear after swimming or bathing.
- Scratching or cleaning inside the ear with cotton buds.
- Irritation from soap or shampoo.
- Skin conditions such as eczema or psoriasis.
Identifying these contributing factors is particularly useful when symptoms keep returning.
What Symptoms Can Occur?
Symptoms may include:
- Ear pain, sometimes worse when the outer ear is touched or moved.
- Itching and irritation inside the canal.
- Redness, swelling or flaky skin.
- Watery or thicker discharge.
- A blocked sensation or reduced hearing.
- Discomfort when chewing or moving the jaw.
Hearing may become muffled if swelling or debris obstructs the canal. Symptoms alone cannot reliably distinguish an outer ear infection from other ear conditions.
How Is It Assessed?
Assessment includes discussing the symptoms and examining the ear canal and, where visible, the eardrum. The examination helps identify swelling, discharge, skin changes and blockage.
If symptoms persist despite treatment, a sample of the discharge may help guide further care. Recurrent episodes may also require attention to an underlying skin condition or repeated irritation.
What Are the Treatment Options?
Treatment commonly involves prescribed ear drops or a spray, often combining an antibiotic with a medicine that reduces inflammation. The choice depends on the examination findings, including the condition of the eardrum.
If debris blocks the canal, professional cleaning may be needed. A very swollen canal may require a small medicated wick to help drops reach the affected skin. This should only be placed by a healthcare professional.
Antibiotic tablets are not routinely needed for uncomplicated cases but may be appropriate if infection spreads or particular health risks are present. Use prescribed treatment for the recommended duration.
Caring for Your Ear During Recovery
Keep water and shampoo out of the affected ear and avoid swimming during treatment. Do not insert cotton buds or scratch inside the canal.
Avoid unprescribed drops or home remedies, particularly if you have a perforated eardrum or are unsure whether it is intact.
When Should You Seek Medical Advice?
Seek prompt assessment for severe or worsening pain, fever, swelling around the ear or new hearing changes. People with diabetes or a weakened immune system should seek early medical advice for suspected ear infection.
Arrange reassessment if symptoms worsen or fail to improve with treatment.
Discuss Your Symptoms
Contact the clinic to arrange an assessment for ear pain, itching, discharge or recurring ear canal problems.
This information provides general guidance and does not replace an individual medical assessment.
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