Nose
Allergic Rhinitis — Hay Fever
Repeated sneezing, a blocked nose and itchy eyes can affect sleep, concentration and everyday comfort. Allergic rhinitis occurs when the immune system reacts to airborne substances that are usually harmless. Understanding the pattern of symptoms helps guide assessment and treatment.
Seasonal and Year-Round Allergies
Pollen from trees, grasses and weeds can cause seasonal allergic rhinitis, commonly called hay fever. Indoor allergens, including house dust mites, animal dander and mould, may cause symptoms throughout the year.
Despite its name, hay fever does not usually cause a fever. Similar nasal symptoms can also occur without an allergy, so persistent congestion or discharge should not automatically be attributed to pollen.
Common Symptoms
Symptoms may include:
- Repeated sneezing.
- A watery, runny nose.
- Nasal blockage.
- Itching in the nose or roof of the mouth.
- Itchy, red or watery eyes.
Some people notice symptoms mainly during particular seasons, while others experience them at home, at work or around animals. Allergic rhinitis may also worsen asthma symptoms in people who have both conditions.
How Is It Assessed?
Assessment begins with a discussion of when symptoms occur, possible triggers, their effect on daily life and treatments already tried. Examination of the nose can help identify other contributors to nasal obstruction.
Skin-prick testing or blood tests for specific allergens may be recommended when the diagnosis or triggers are unclear. Results are interpreted alongside the symptom history; a positive test alone does not establish which exposure is causing the problem.
Treatment Options
Treatment is tailored to symptom severity, frequency and individual needs. Options may include antihistamines, corticosteroid nasal sprays and saline nasal products. Eye symptoms may require additional treatment.
Using nasal medication correctly and following the recommended schedule helps treatment work effectively. Decongestant nasal sprays are intended for short-term use; prolonged use can worsen congestion. Follow the product instructions and advice from a healthcare professional.
Reducing Exposure to Triggers
Practical changes should focus on relevant allergens. Depending on the trigger, these may include reducing pollen exposure during high-count periods, addressing indoor damp or keeping pets out of the bedroom.
Complete avoidance is often difficult. Exposure reduction is usually one part of a broader treatment plan, rather than a replacement for medication when it is needed.
When Is Immunotherapy Considered?
Allergen immunotherapy may be considered for selected patients with confirmed allergies, particularly when symptoms remain troublesome despite appropriate treatment.
An allergy specialist assesses suitability and discusses available options, which may include injections or treatment placed under the tongue. Treatment requires an ongoing commitment and carries potential risks, including allergic reactions. It is not suitable for everyone and does not guarantee permanent symptom resolution.
When to Seek an Assessment
Arrange an assessment if symptoms regularly disturb sleep, affect everyday activities or remain uncontrolled with treatment. Worsening asthma also requires medical review.
Discuss Your Symptoms
Contact the clinic to arrange an assessment and discuss suitable next steps for persistent sneezing, nasal congestion or suspected nasal allergies.
This information provides general guidance and does not replace an individual medical assessment.
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